§The Boilerplate
Series

Consumer

6 articles in this series
Warnings

Children 12 and Under Can Be Killed by the Air Bag

The sun-visor sticker in your car isn't generic liability boilerplate; its wording, color scheme, and dimensions are dictated to the millimeter by a specific federal safety standard. Here's what it actually says, the 1996 rule that put it there, and the myth that it doesn't really mean anything.

The Editors / 6 min read /
Warnings

Caution: Contents Hot

The three words on your coffee cup are usually blamed on a 1994 lawsuit. The documented record shows a severely burned woman, a jury that assigned McDonald's 80% of the fault, and a settlement whose figure was sealed and has stayed sealed, but no dated proof that the warning itself began there.

The Editors / 12 min read /
Warnings

Do Not Remove Under Penalty of Law

The tag sewn into every new mattress swears, in all caps, that removing it breaks the law. California's own statute says otherwise; it names the buyer as the one person the rule was never written for. Here's the state-by-state history of a warning almost nobody actually has to worry about.

The Editors / 12 min read /
Contract Clauses

Sold As Is

Three words, one statute section, and a fraud exception that turns entirely on what the seller knew. A documented history of "sold as is," from a 1603 bezoar-stone case to the UCC clause that finally gave the phrase a name.

The Editors / 12 min read /
Consumer

Refrigerate After Opening

No federal rule requires a 'refrigerate after opening' label on ordinary condiments. The phrase's closest documented ancestor is a 1997 FDA guidance that FDA itself called nonbinding, and that gap is exactly why the words are everywhere.

The Editors / 9 min read /
Warnings

Known to the State of California to Cause Cancer

California's most recognizable warning sentence isn't in the statute at all. It's regulatory safe-harbor text layered on top of a 1986 ballot initiative, revised once in 2018 for specificity, and pierced once, for coffee, by litigation.

The Editors / 9 min read /